手機(jī)版
Between the roses, the Champagne and the chocolates, couples sit down to an intimate candlelight dinner, stare soulfully into each other's eyes and perhaps take a moment to ponder a perennial question: Can this mad, mad love last?
戀人們?cè)诿倒逑銠壡煽肆@、深情對(duì)望、共進(jìn)浪漫燭光晚餐的時(shí)刻，或許也還會(huì)花些時(shí)間想一個(gè)永恒的問(wèn)題：這種感情是一時(shí)沖動(dòng)嗎？這種愛(ài)是否會(huì)持續(xù)？
Whether they're in the heady throes of their fifth date or their 20th year of marriage, the answer, according to a recent study published in the online journal Social Cognitive and Effective Neuroscience, lies more in the neural patterns of their brains than in the poetry of their heart-shaped gifts.
根據(jù)最近發(fā)表在網(wǎng)絡(luò)期刊《社會(huì)認(rèn)知與使用神經(jīng)學(xué)（Social Cognitive and Effective Neuroscience）》上的一份研究，無(wú)論他們是第五次約會(huì)，還是結(jié)婚20周年了，這個(gè)答案更多的是取決于他們大腦中的神經(jīng)模式，而不是他們所準(zhǔn)備心形禮物中的詩(shī)意。
In the study, Bianca Acevedo and Arthur Aron at Stony Brook University in New York and two co-authors set out to investigate the age-old question that has baffled so many: Can the intense, heady head-over-heels romantic love experienced in the first flush of a relationship endure over time?
在研究中，斯托尼布魯克紐約分校的比安卡•阿塞維多和亞瑟•阿倫及另外兩位作者著手調(diào)查了這一由來(lái)已久又困擾許多人的問(wèn)題：這種完全出于一時(shí)興起的強(qiáng)烈的浪漫愛(ài)情關(guān)系能否隨著時(shí)間的推移持續(xù)下去？
To attempt to find out, they used functional magnetic resonance imaging to scan the brains of 10 women and seven men who claimed they were still "madly" in love with their spouse, even after an average of 21 years of marriage. Each viewed a picture of his or her beloved, and control pictures, including a close friend and lesser-known acquaintances. Brain activity was measured as participants looked at the facial images.
為了調(diào)查這一結(jié)果，他們使用了功能性磁共振成像的方法，掃描了10名女性和7名男性的腦部，他們的平均婚齡已有21年了，但都表示自己對(duì)另一半仍充滿愛(ài)意。每人在實(shí)驗(yàn)中觀看他或她愛(ài)人的照片，以及一位親近朋友和不是太熟的熟人的對(duì)照?qǐng)D片時(shí)，大腦活動(dòng)就被記錄下來(lái)。
The researchers then compared these brain scans with those of people from an earlier experiment who said they'd fallen in love within the past year. They found the scans looked a lot alike.
之后，調(diào)查員將這次的結(jié)果與那些一年之內(nèi)戀愛(ài)的參與者的早期實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)掃描結(jié)果十分相近。
There were differences -- long-term romantic love lit up many more brain regions than early-stage love -- but both groups showed significant activity in the dopamine-rich ventral tegmental area.
也有一些不同——長(zhǎng)期的浪漫愛(ài)情會(huì)比短期愛(ài)情調(diào)動(dòng)大腦的更多區(qū)域，但是兩組都檢測(cè)到了多巴胺富集的腹側(cè)被蓋區(qū)的重要活動(dòng)。
"For some, when they look at their partner, it looks almost as if their brain is on fire," said Acevedo.
阿塞維多說(shuō)：“當(dāng)看到他們的配偶時(shí)，其中的某些人的大腦看起來(lái)像著火一樣。”
The VTA -- which is a crucial part of the brain's motivation and reward circuit -- also illuminates in response to food, money, alcohol and cocaine.
腹側(cè)被蓋區(qū)是大腦中激勵(lì)與獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)回路的重要部分，對(duì)食物、金錢、酒精和可卡因也會(huì)有反應(yīng)。
The dopamine-laden VTA had already shown activity in six previous studies of those in early-stage love -- in relationships ranging from three weeks to 17 months -- but the Stony Brook study was the first to ever associate the VTA with long-term love. Acevedo and Aron take this as evidence that romantic love can endure.
之前六項(xiàng)有關(guān)戀愛(ài)3周到17個(gè)月的短期愛(ài)情的研究已經(jīng)檢測(cè)到多巴胺富集的腹側(cè)被蓋區(qū)的活動(dòng)，但是斯托尼布魯克的研究第一次將這一區(qū)域與長(zhǎng)期愛(ài)情聯(lián)系起來(lái)。阿塞維多和阿倫將此作為浪漫愛(ài)情能夠延續(xù)的依據(jù)。
"A lot of times all we hear is our relationships are painful, and we suffer," said Acevedo. "But it's exciting to see there's a pattern in our brain that is associated with intense love," and that it appears in the long-in-love and the newly-in-love. "Love can last," said Acevedo." It doesn't wane. It doesn't disappear."
“許多時(shí)候，我們聽到的只有我們的關(guān)系是痛苦的，我們?cè)馐苤@樣的痛苦，”阿塞維多說(shuō)。“但令人興奮的是，大腦中有一種模式與強(qiáng)烈的愛(ài)相關(guān)”，而且這一模式在長(zhǎng)期和短期的愛(ài)情都出現(xiàn)了，“愛(ài)是可以持續(xù)的，”阿塞維多說(shuō)，“它并不會(huì)衰退，也不會(huì)消失。”
The researchers also believe their study offers clues as to what may be essential brain activity for couples to stay in love.
研究人員還認(rèn)為，這一研究對(duì)“戀人維持相愛(ài)關(guān)系的最根本的腦部活動(dòng)是什么”提供了線索。
"It's a nice finding, because it shows in a way our brain is still a simple thing," said Dr. Marco Iacoboni, a neuroscientist at UCLA medical school who was not involved in the study. "Humans are so good at using sophisticated language to dissect emotions. But if we look at the way big systems in the brain respond, they seem to be much simpler than our behavior. The responses of the brain can be quite predictable."
“這是一個(gè)很好的發(fā)現(xiàn)，因?yàn)樗砻髟谀撤N程度上，我們的大腦仍然是簡(jiǎn)單的，”并未參與研究的加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校醫(yī)學(xué)院神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)學(xué)家馬爾科•伊科博尼這樣說(shuō)，“人類在利用復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)言分析情感上十分在行，但當(dāng)我們觀察腦部主要系統(tǒng)的反應(yīng)時(shí)，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它們看起來(lái)比我們的行為要簡(jiǎn)單的多。腦部反應(yīng)能被準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測(cè)。”
But couples can lasso this predictability to keep the fire hot. They can take up activities that drive up dopamine -- a neurotransmitter associated with novelty and working for reward -- in such critical brain regions as the VTA. Kicking up that brain activity, in turn, increases feelings of romantic love.
但是夫妻可以運(yùn)用這一可預(yù)測(cè)性保持愛(ài)情的甜蜜。他們可以進(jìn)行一些能夠激發(fā)如腹側(cè)被蓋區(qū)等關(guān)鍵腦部區(qū)域中多巴胺分泌（一種與新奇和為獎(jiǎng)賞而工作的神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)）相關(guān)的活動(dòng)。活躍該腦部活動(dòng)后，反過(guò)來(lái)將會(huì)增加他們愛(ài)情的甜密和美好感覺(jué)。
"Any kind of novelty, any activity that's new, exciting, challenging, possibly dangerous, will work," said Helen Fisher, a biological anthropologist at Rutgers University and a co-author of the study. Ride through New York City in a pedicab after dark, go night sailing, go nude swimming, study a new kind of music, take a vacation, go out to the airport or simply open a map book and run your finger down a page and choose a country.
“各種各樣新奇的，以及任何新鮮的、令人興奮的、充滿挑戰(zhàn)的、可能存在危險(xiǎn)的活動(dòng)都會(huì)起作用，”羅格斯大學(xué)的生物人類學(xué)家海倫•費(fèi)舍爾說(shuō)道，她也是這一研究的作者之一。天黑后騎三輪車穿越紐約城、在晚上航海、裸泳、學(xué)習(xí)一種新的音樂(lè)、去度假、去機(jī)場(chǎng)，或者只是打開一本地圖冊(cè)，隨意翻到一頁(yè)，選擇一個(gè)國(guó)家。
"It doesn't have to be that elaborate," said Fisher.
“這并不一定要精細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)，”費(fèi)舍爾說(shuō)。
"Any kind of sexual stimulation is good," she said. "Don't wait to feel sexy. Just get into bed with your partner."
“任何種類的性刺激都是有益的，”她說(shuō)，“不要等著自己感到性感了，只需要與你的另一半一起上床。”
And, yes, the study's long-in-love marrieds said they had plenty of sex, or at least enough to set off a glow in the posterior hippocampus.
的確是這樣，研究中那些長(zhǎng)期充滿愛(ài)的夫妻的性活動(dòng)很多，至少足夠讓他們?nèi)莨鉄òl(fā)。
Fisher believes the study has implications for people in all stages of love, not just the long-in-love couples.
費(fèi)舍爾相信，這一研究對(duì)處于各個(gè)層次的人都有意義，不僅僅是老夫老妻們。
Online Dating and the Brain
網(wǎng)戀與大腦
Online daters should also take heed of what the study suggests about the workings of the brain's circuits, and become a little more patient, said Fisher
費(fèi)舍爾說(shuō)，網(wǎng)戀者也應(yīng)該留心這一研究有關(guān)腦部回路的部分，并且更耐心一些。
"Brain circuitry can be triggered at any time," said Fisher, who's the scientific adviser to Chemistry.com, a division of Match.com. "A lot of people head into courtship looking for fireworks. Don't pass up a chance by dumping someone after a first date because you don't feel the fireworks. The fireworks can happen at any time and be maintained."
“腦部回路在任何時(shí)候都可能被觸發(fā)，”化學(xué)網(wǎng)的科學(xué)顧問(wèn)費(fèi)舍爾這樣說(shuō)道，這一網(wǎng)站是紅娘網(wǎng)的一個(gè)分支。“許多人進(jìn)入婚戀場(chǎng)所尋找一種感覺(jué)。不要在第一次約會(huì)時(shí)就因?yàn)闆](méi)有感覺(jué)而甩掉某個(gè)人，錯(cuò)過(guò)了機(jī)會(huì)。這種火花可能在任何時(shí)候出現(xiàn)，并且持續(xù)下去。”
Despite the similarities in brain activity of the long-in-love and the newly-in-love, the study found some telling, although not surprising differences.
盡管長(zhǎng)期有愛(ài)與短期有愛(ài)的人們的腦部活動(dòng)有一些類似，但這一研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)它們之間是有一些不同。
For example, neural regions rich in opioids and serotonin, which relieve anxiety and pain and contribute to a sense of calm, did not light up for the newly-in-love.
比如那些富含類阿片與血清素的神經(jīng)區(qū)域，它們能夠減輕焦慮與痛苦并可產(chǎn)生一種鎮(zhèn)定的感覺(jué)，在短期愛(ài)情中并沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)。
"In that early-love stage, you're in that state of exhilaration," said Fisher. "You talk till dawn. You become obsessed with 'What does he think?' 'Does he like me?' 'Does he think I'm fat?'"
費(fèi)舍爾說(shuō)：“在愛(ài)情的早期，你沉浸在愉悅之中，你徹夜長(zhǎng)談，腦中充滿了 '他會(huì)怎么想？' '他喜歡我嗎？ ‘他認(rèn)為我胖嗎？’的想法。”
Susan Heitler, a Denver clinical psychologist and author of "The Power of Two: Secrets to a Strong and Loving Marriage," explained further. "In a funny way, high, initial romantic love is associated with the almost negative feeling of anxiety, whereas you get the positive high without the anxiety with the long-term love."
蘇珊•海特樂(lè)，一位丹佛的臨床心理學(xué)家，也是《兩人的力量：穩(wěn)固而充滿愛(ài)意的婚姻的秘密》作者，進(jìn)一步解釋了這一問(wèn)題, “滑稽的是，高調(diào)的最初的浪漫愛(ài)情與焦慮等負(fù)面感覺(jué)是相關(guān)的，然而跟自己的長(zhǎng)期戀人之間則是一種沒(méi)有焦慮的正面感覺(jué)。”
The scans of the long-in-love also showed activity in brain regions associated with attachment, liking and bonding. "It's the same area of the brain that lights up when there's a positive attachment between a parent and a child," said Heitler. "That's not to say it's infantilizing. It's attachment connectedness and liking."
對(duì)于長(zhǎng)久愛(ài)情的掃描結(jié)果也顯示了與依戀、喜愛(ài)和粘附相關(guān)的腦部區(qū)域活動(dòng)。海特樂(lè)說(shuō)：“這與父母與孩子之間的正面依戀相關(guān)的腦部活動(dòng)區(qū)域相同，但這并不是說(shuō)將之幼兒化，它說(shuō)明了依戀與喜愛(ài)的相通性。”
Again, no action there for the newly-in-love folks. "They're not high in liking, and they're not high in attachment," said Heitler, who was not involved in the Stony Brook study.
如上一結(jié)果同樣，在短期愛(ài)情中沒(méi)有同樣的效果。“他們?cè)谙矏?ài)與依戀上的結(jié)果并不明顯”，海特樂(lè)說(shuō)道，她并沒(méi)有參加這一研究。
It seems that long-in-love marrieds can have the same intense, romantically tingly, sexy relationship as the besotted newly-in-love -- but without the anxiety, obsessive frenzy and disconnectedness.
相比愚笨的短期愛(ài)情來(lái)說(shuō)，長(zhǎng)久愛(ài)情同樣是緊張、浪漫、刺激、有性的關(guān)系，但卻沒(méi)有焦慮、執(zhí)著的暴怒與分離。
原文鏈接：Will Your Love Last? Your Brain Might Hold the Answer.
