In the US, the head of a college, or school, at a university is called a dean. For example, "Professor Jones is dean of the College of Law at State University." The head of a school that teaches students through the 12th grade is usually called the principal. Some private schools call their head of their school the headmaster. The leader of a team is called the coach. In China, the head of a government department is called minister (eg minister of foreign affairs) while in the US it would be secretary (eg US Secretary of State).
在美國，大學學院的負責人稱作"dean"(院長)。比如" Professor Jones is dean of the College of Law at State University. "(瓊斯教授是州立大學法學院的院長。)教授1-12年級學生的學校負責人通常稱為"principal"(校長)。一些私立學校稱學校負責人為"headmaster"(校長)。一個隊伍的領導者稱為"coach"(隊長)。在中國部長稱為"minister"，如"minister of foreign affairs"(外交部長)，而美國則稱"secretary"，如"US Secretary of State"(美國國務卿)。

[Chief]
國家部委的司長、局長、省屬廳局的廳長、局長(chief of the…Department/Bureau)；國務院直屬局的局長(chief of the…Administration)；處長(division chief)；科長(section chief)；圖書館館長(chief librarian)等。

[President]
國家主席(president)；中國社科院、農科院、林科院等科學院的院長(president of the Chinese Academy of…)；銀行的行長(president of a bank)；協會、學會的會長或理事長(president of an association, society or council)；法庭的庭長(president of a court)；公司的總裁或董事長(president of a corporation or company)等。

[Head]
學院的院長(head of a college or faculty)；大學的系主任(head of the Department of…)；縣長(head of a county)；列車長(head of a train crew)；村長(village head)；護士長(head nurse)；廚師長(head cook)等。

[Director]
研究所所長 (director of an institute)；醫(yī)院院長(director of a hospital)；博物館館長(director of a museum)；署長、司長、局長(director-general)；廠長(factory director)等。

[Chairman]
人大常委會的委員長，委員會的主席，行業(yè)協會、專業(yè)學會、同業(yè)公會、同鄉(xiāng)會、同學會等的會長(chairman)；董事長(chairman of the board，也可用general board，或用chief executive)；大學的系主任(chairman，也可用head)等。

[Leader]
軍隊的班長(squad leader)；排長(platoon leader)；工作隊的隊長、組長(group leader)；體育代表隊的領隊(team leader)等。